11 November, 2013

History of Civilizations, 111 (History Method; Printing Press)

In the ancient world, education was a luxury not many could access or afford. Originally, the written word was mostly kept by monasteries, with monks copying manuscripts by hand for hours at a time. The work was slow and tedious, with most of the works focusing on religious messages. Sometimes older manuscripts were wiped clean for new ones, pieces may be doctored, or some would not be recopied for their dangerous substance.

Although there were a few innovations leading up to its conception, in around 1440 Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. Use of the printing press made mass production of books possible, making the knowledge they contain accessible to more people. Moving control from the church also allowed writers freedom of topics.

Dubbed as the “agent of change” in Europe, the printing press was used for mass communication, bringing together disorganised masses and bolstering a new middle class. It also fueled scientists, giving them a means to communicate with each other and share their findings, eventually leading to the scientific revolution. Printings made for more universal versions of texts, and led to a rise in literacy throughout Europe. Vernacular languages gained in popularity to replace Latin as the universal language, printing helped standardise spelling and syntax within languages which some claim led to the rise of nationalism in Europe.

The printing press was the first major step in breaking the pattern of having an educated elite, allowing information to travel quickly and accurately. It allowed for secular printing, encouraging the spread of scientific findings and suppressed the power of the church to doctor said secular writing. This freedom helped ease Europe into future enlightenment and revolution.

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